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Neanderthals, recent human ancestors, had large noses but human-sized sinuses. However, scientists remain unsure exactly what this means.
 
Neanderthals, recent human ancestors, had large noses but human-sized sinuses. However, scientists remain unsure exactly what this means.
  
<blockquote>The large Neanderthal nose and paranasal sinuses have generally been explained as having warmed air as it entered the lungs and retained moisture ("nasal radiator" hypothesis);[186] but sinuses are generally reduced in cold-adapted creatures, and it may have been that the large nose was caused instead by genetic drift. Also, the sinuses are not grossly large, and are comparable in size to those of modern humans. However, sinus size is not an important factor for breathing cold air, and their actual function is unclear, so they may not be a good indicator of evolutionary pressures to evolve such a nose. Further, a computer reconstruction of the Neanderthal nose and predicted soft tissue patterns shows some similarities to those of modern Arctic peoples, potentially meaning the noses of both populations convergently evolved for breathing cold, dry air. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal]</blockquote>
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<blockquote>The large Neanderthal nose and paranasal sinuses have generally been explained as having warmed air as it entered the lungs and retained moisture ("nasal radiator" hypothesis);[186] but sinuses are generally reduced in cold-adapted creatures, and it may have been that the large nose was caused instead by genetic drift. Also, the sinuses are not grossly large, and are comparable in size to those of modern humans.[68][186] However, sinus size is not an important factor for breathing cold air, and their actual function is unclear, so they may not be a good indicator of evolutionary pressures to evolve such a nose.[187] Further, a computer reconstruction of the Neanderthal nose and predicted soft tissue patterns shows some similarities to those of modern Arctic peoples, potentially meaning the noses of both populations convergently evolved for breathing cold, dry air.[67]</blockquote>
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<blockquote>From <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal> </blockquote>
  
 
Traditionally, blockage of maxillary ostia (sinus openings into the nose) have been seen as leading to congestion and sinusitis. The maxillary ostia are located high up the sinuses, preventing gravity from clearing the sinuses, and requiring the cilia (clearing hairs) to do more work. This results in less effective clearance. More recent research has found that blockage of the nostrils can also lead to sinusitis. As air flows more freely through the nose and sinuses, it assists in clearing mucus.
 
Traditionally, blockage of maxillary ostia (sinus openings into the nose) have been seen as leading to congestion and sinusitis. The maxillary ostia are located high up the sinuses, preventing gravity from clearing the sinuses, and requiring the cilia (clearing hairs) to do more work. This results in less effective clearance. More recent research has found that blockage of the nostrils can also lead to sinusitis. As air flows more freely through the nose and sinuses, it assists in clearing mucus.

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