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− | Several types of source can cause [[rhinosinusitis]] | + | Several types of source can cause [[rhinosinusitis]]. The problems can last only a short time, termed ''acute rhinosinusitis'', or they can last for months of even years, called ''chronic rhinosinusitis''. Different causes are susceptible to different [[treatments]]. |
− | It's extremely difficult to diagnose sinus issues. These issues often present confusingly | + | It's extremely difficult to diagnose sinus issues. These issues often present confusingly for example as eye problems, general fatigue and soreness, and so forth. Furthermore, one cannot see one's own sinuses, and because they produce noises inside the head, one cannot use ordinary hearing of the ears to gauge location. One also cannot touch the sinuses. Numerous nerves travel through the face, one area often sensitive to another more distant area. It can feel like investigating a black hole, trying to uncover a secret in which probes disappear. Various imaging technologies, and diagnostic tests such as allergy testing, can improve access to sinus information. |
==Environmental== | ==Environmental== | ||
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===Substances=== | ===Substances=== | ||
− | Substances can directly interfere with sinus function, or trigger harmful bodily response | + | Substances can directly interfere with sinus function, or trigger harmful bodily response |
* Viruses such as the common cold do not respond to antibacterial therapy. They usually result only in acute rhinosinusitis, however complications can lead to chronic [[rhinosinusitis]]. | * Viruses such as the common cold do not respond to antibacterial therapy. They usually result only in acute rhinosinusitis, however complications can lead to chronic [[rhinosinusitis]]. | ||
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** Sinus symptoms can improve or worsen throughout the day. This can depend on weather, alertness, and other factors. Symptoms often systematically reflect the time of day. | ** Sinus symptoms can improve or worsen throughout the day. This can depend on weather, alertness, and other factors. Symptoms often systematically reflect the time of day. | ||
* Stress. Various environmental stressors, from loud noises to busy work lives, can contribute to sinus problems. Sometimes stress relief can reduce rhinosinusitis. | * Stress. Various environmental stressors, from loud noises to busy work lives, can contribute to sinus problems. Sometimes stress relief can reduce rhinosinusitis. | ||
− | * Glasses. Wearing spectacles applies additional pressure on the sinuses that can cause problems. | + | * Glasses. Wearing spectacles applies additional pressure on the sinuses that can cause problems. |
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==Biological== | ==Biological== | ||
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[[File:Female human evolution 2.png|thumb|Humans evolved such that an upright posture and a large forebrain apply unusual pressures on the sinuses.]] | [[File:Female human evolution 2.png|thumb|Humans evolved such that an upright posture and a large forebrain apply unusual pressures on the sinuses.]] | ||
− | People are born with a set of genetic coding that can predispose | + | People are born with a set of genetic coding that can predispose the person towards rhinosinusitis. Additional biological developments throughout the course of life can cause sinus issues. |
Humans evolved such that an upright posture and a large forebrain apply unusual pressures on the sinuses. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3266099/] This development may have happened too fast for the sinuses to rebalance appropriately, explaining the large number and severity of sinus issues. | Humans evolved such that an upright posture and a large forebrain apply unusual pressures on the sinuses. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3266099/] This development may have happened too fast for the sinuses to rebalance appropriately, explaining the large number and severity of sinus issues. | ||
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Traditionally, blockage of maxillary ostia (sinus openings into the nose) have been seen as leading to congestion and sinusitis. The maxillary ostia are located high up the sinuses, preventing gravity from clearing the sinuses, and requiring the cilia (clearing hairs) to do more work. This results in less effective clearance. More recent research has found that blockage of the nostrils can also lead to sinusitis. As air flows more freely through the nose and sinuses, it assists in clearing mucus. | Traditionally, blockage of maxillary ostia (sinus openings into the nose) have been seen as leading to congestion and sinusitis. The maxillary ostia are located high up the sinuses, preventing gravity from clearing the sinuses, and requiring the cilia (clearing hairs) to do more work. This results in less effective clearance. More recent research has found that blockage of the nostrils can also lead to sinusitis. As air flows more freely through the nose and sinuses, it assists in clearing mucus. | ||
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Anatomical variations are abundant. Just as each person has a different fingerprint or face, each person has different sinuses. | Anatomical variations are abundant. Just as each person has a different fingerprint or face, each person has different sinuses. | ||
− | * Small or otherwise malformed sinuses or nose | + | * Small or otherwise malformed sinuses or nose. |
* Some people argue that autistic personality types are associated with a particular frontal sinus problem. [https://www.scribd.com/document/307213853/Autistic-facial-phenotypes-as-a-possible-cause-of-Frontal-Sinus-Inflammation] | * Some people argue that autistic personality types are associated with a particular frontal sinus problem. [https://www.scribd.com/document/307213853/Autistic-facial-phenotypes-as-a-possible-cause-of-Frontal-Sinus-Inflammation] | ||
* Thicker mucus is more viscous and difficult to clear compared to thin mucus. This can change from individual to individual, and over time. In particular, various illnesses can temporarily affect the consistency of mucus. | * Thicker mucus is more viscous and difficult to clear compared to thin mucus. This can change from individual to individual, and over time. In particular, various illnesses can temporarily affect the consistency of mucus. | ||
* Weak immune system. | * Weak immune system. | ||
* Polyps. | * Polyps. | ||
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* Deviated septum. | * Deviated septum. | ||
* Thyroid problems could cause imbalances in signaling in the body. | * Thyroid problems could cause imbalances in signaling in the body. | ||
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* Cases of rhinosinusitis often fall into different categories of pathogenic cause. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28494786] | * Cases of rhinosinusitis often fall into different categories of pathogenic cause. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28494786] | ||
* An airway protein (surfactant protein A) respond to disease-causing bacteria, and also alter inflammation levels. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30507715] | * An airway protein (surfactant protein A) respond to disease-causing bacteria, and also alter inflammation levels. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30507715] | ||
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[[Category:Causes]] | [[Category:Causes]] |